So we had something like this going in the old Back Table and I keep learning things and thought I would share some new stuff I learned.
- Dunkirk -
A lot of historians have stated that the Germans letting so many British escape was a huge missed opportunity, and have tried to point blame with various peeps as to why panzers never rolled up to the beach. Well it turns out the situation was so much more complicated and in reality the Germans never really had that chance.
The terrain around Dunkirk was not suitable for tanks and initially one panzer division was beaten back trying to approach the town. In addition, the German high command was so surprised at the speed at which German units were reaching the coast that the advance units had no instructions on what to do, and had to wait for orders from high command.
Many of the units involved in this area were made up of men who hadn't been in the military for long, so didn't have the same aggressiveness or tactical awareness as more veteran troops, or how would they have when they fought in Barbarossa. They assumed the British were defeated and would surrender, and there was no point in further unnecessary action since France was the real power to be beaten. Its hard to overstate how the Germans viewed France. The French were considered to have the most powerful military in Europe, and there was still a lot of fighting ahead. The Germans knocking out France would be like if the US and China went to war and China won.
While we think of the German war machine as a blitzkrieg, only 16 divisions were armored/motorized at this point, so the vast majority were still slogging it out on foot and would take time to catch up to the mobilized divisions. This is where you sometimes hear where Hitler stopped the panzers to allow the infantry to catch up, but it was actually Rundstedt. The German commanders also had The Somme on their minds from WWI and couldn't believe things were progressing so easily so fast, and were concerned about getting clobbered on their flanks.
A lot of details from the German side are lost in history as most of the divisions that took part in the battles around Dunkirk were all later destroyed in Russia, where most memories focus on such battles as Stalingrad and Kursk.
British lost 90% of their equipment. It is sometimes forgotten how bad the defeat was because the emphasis is on the successful evacuation from the beaches. Dunkirk was a total defeat for the British but the evacuation does a good job making peeps forget that.
Good book:
https://www.amazon.com/D%C3%BCnkirchen-1940-German-View-Dunkirk/dp/1472854373- Battle of the Bulge -
I had no idea of this, but the Germans employed over 50,000 horses during the battle. 50,000. So even this late in the war, the Germans were still using a ton of horses while no one else was. We think of German super weapons and its hard to imagine the Germans still dependent on horses. The reason many aren't aware of this is because of German propaganda, which tightly controlled what the German people, and world, saw of their forces in pictures and film. They wanted to show King Tigers and a very modern force, but in reality the German army was still dependent on horses as they were in 1939, as fuel was in extremely short supply, and horses would actually move artillery off road better than most vehicles, and they actually had plenty to feed and care for them.
How did Germany have so many horses? Because they actually had few cars. Fewer per capita than most other modern countries, so people still used horses in great numbers which the army was able to acquire.
Snow - its common to imagine the battle was fought in knee deep snow, but the battle actually started without snow, and ended without snow.
German formations were a hodge-podge mix of Volksgrenadiers and men pulled from other divisions to buffer up others, and decreased the size of divisions overall. Its impossible to really gauge these things looking at symbols on a map. Another instance I heard about was a tank platoon who used men pulled from Luftwaffe units who knew little about ground combat let alone running a tank, as well as having Romanian crews who spoke little German. How effective was that unit expected to be? Or the army as a whole? It sounds like a complete clusterf***.
The Bulge shares some similarities with Market Garden, which also need a whole series of events to go right in order to be successful. Even if the Germans had made it to Antwerp, then what? They would have been sitting on a narrow corridor that would have been laid to waste like the Falaise pocket when the Allies regrouped. It was a complete waste of men and resources.
Bastogne gets all the limelight, but the Battle of Elsenborn Ridge was more important and you've probably never heard of it.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Elsenborn_Ridge